Table of Contents
Recognizing: Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an uncommon autoimmune condition that results in spinal arthritis. Bone fusion is known as ankylosis.. Ankylosis means fused bones. As the body’s defense system attacks healthy tissues, joint cartilage is damaged, causing swelling and difficulty in movement. The exact cause is unknown, but it is thought to be genetic. A gene called HLA-B27 is involved, but environmental factors are also thought to have an effect. The disease causes spinal discs to narrow or fuse, making the spine very stiff. There is no cure for AS, but medication and exercise can help reduce pain and keep your back strong.
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) usually occurs in people under 40 years of age, with approximately 80% of patients experiencing their first symptoms before the age of 30. Less than 5% of people are diagnosed with AS after the age of 45. Men are more likely than women to have this illness. In addition, relatives of affected patients are at increased risk of developing AS.
Causes and Risk Factors
Anyone can get ankylosing spondylitis, but conditions that make you more likely to get it include:
- Family History: If others in your family have the disease.
- Age: If your age is between 17-45 years. AS usually starts in middle age or young adulthood, starting earlier than other arthritis or rheumatic diseases.
- Gender: If you are male.This disease is twice as common in men as in women.
- Certain infections and diseases: If experiencing frequent gastrointestinal infections.
- If you have other autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis.
Symptoms of AS: Other symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis
- Neck pain or stiffness
- Shoulder pain
- Pain and stiffness in your rib cage
- Pain in your hips or thighs
- Foot, heel, or hand pain
- Pain that is worse in the morning or after you sit for a long time
- A rigid spine that bends forward
- Fatigue
- Swelling in your joints
- Skin rash
- Your vision problems
- Difficulty breathing
Symptoms vary from person to person. Over time, your symptoms will most likely get worse, get better, and then come back.
Ankylosing Spondylitis Diagnosis
Since many people’s primary symptom of AS is back pain, diagnosing the condition can be challenging. Your symptoms may determine which tests a doctor recommends for ankylosing spondylitis:
- Health History: evaluating risk factors, family history, and symptoms.
- Physical examination: Examining the spine for discomfort, stiffness, and decreased mobility.
- Blood Examinations: Blood testing to determine your HLA-B27 status
- Imaging Exams: An imaging test, like an MRI or X-ray
- A rheumatologist, who treats arthritis, may also be recommended by your doctor
Options for Ankylosing Spondylitis Treatment
Ankylosing spondylitis can be treated in a variety of ways. Physicians prescribe home remedies, physical therapy, and pharmaceuticals. Surgery could be a possibility.
Surgery: Considered only when there are severe joint problems.
Home Remedies: Adequate physical exercise and proper daily habits can aid in treatment.
Lifestyle Modifications for Managing Ankylosing Spondylitis
Some tips for people with ankylosing spondylitis:
- Exercising: Do low-impact activities like walking, swimming, and yoga to reduce pain and improve flexibility.
- Food: Consume fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and seafood and avoid red meat, processed foods, and sugar.
- Proper sleep: Sleep for 7–9 hours and do not nap during the day.
- Avoid smoking/alcohol: Both smoking and alcohol increase inflammation and worsen symptoms.
- Reduce stress: Practice meditation, yoga, or take relaxing walks.
- Follow your treatment plan for a better quality of life.
Complications of Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Inflammation of the eye (uveitis), with symptoms such as redness, pain, and blurred vision.
- Reduced flexibility and limited movement due to spinal fusion.
- Fatigue caused by inflammation.
- Increased risk of osteoporosis and spinal cord injury.
- Gastrointestinal problems such as colic and IBD.
- Risks of heart disease, including aorta and cardiomyopathy.
- Social and work challenges due to chronic pain and limited mobility.
Rare problems:
Cauda equina syndrome: Nerve compression in the spine can cause numbness, pain, and mobility problems.
Amyloidosis: Protein buildup causes symptoms of fatigue, weight loss, and nerve damage.
Living with ankylosing spondylitis:
Active planning and a comprehensive approach are essential for those living with ankylosing spondylitis. Regular medical advice, adherence to treatment plans, and lifestyle changes can help improve outcomes and maintain a good quality of life. Support groups and counseling also provide emotional support and practical advice for coping with the situation.
Conclusion
The autoimmune condition known as ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is progressive and chronic. It primarily affects the knees, hips, and spine. It is unknown what specifically causes ankylosing spondylitis. However, environmental and genetic variables are thought to be involved as well. Although there are therapies for this illness, a full recovery is challenging. Ankylosing spondylitis symptoms can be lessened and a patient’s quality of life enhanced with the use of medications, physical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and specialized exercises. People with AS can have healthy lives if they follow treatment regimens, receive medical assistance, and receive psychological and physical support.
